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KMID : 1059520100540010165
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Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
2010 Volume.54 No. 1 p.165 ~ p.168
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Rapid Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Cyanide and Hydrogen Cyanide Using p-Aminoacetanilide in Various Samples
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Prachi Parmar
Ajai Kumar Pillai
Vinay Kumar Gupta
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Abstract
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A highly toxic substance, cyanide is widely used for the extraction of metals in electroplating industry, for surface treatments and in the production of various resin monomers. Major sources of cyanide in addition to those from the above
mentioned industries include, exhaust from vehicle emissions and cigarette smoke. Typical signs of acute cyanide poisoning include tachypnoea, headache, vertigo, lack of motor coordination, weak pulse, cardiac arrhythmias, vomiting, stupor, convulsions, eye irritation coma and death. Hydrogen cyanide is reported to be present in cigarette smoke,
the concentration of which varies according to the variety of the cigarette. A cigarette without filter is reported to liberate
500 μg of hydrogen cyanide while filtered cigarettes liberate only 100 μg. Cyanide is well absorbed via gastrointestinal tract or skin and rapidly absorbed via respiratory tract. Once absorbed, cyanide is rapidly and ubiquitously distributed throughout the body, although the highest level is typically found in liver, lungs, blood and brain. The lethal dose for human beings normally varies between 0.5 to 3.5 mg/kg of body weight. Due to its highly toxic nature, a method for its determination has been an area of interest for analytical chemists. Several methods have been developed for the determination of cyanide, which include HPLC,7 GC-MS,8 capillary electrophoresis, photometry, electrochemical sensor, ion chromatography, chromatography, indirect determination by atomic absorption spectrometry,electrochemical method, spectrofluorimetry, and spectrophotometry In this communication, a spectrophotometric method has been proposed which is based on the earlier reported method of conversion of cyanide to cyanogen chloride by chloramine-T. Cyanogen chloride thus produced is reacted with pyridine to form an additional product which subsequently condenses with p-aminoacetanilide to form a coloured product measurable at 485 nm. Although a number of spectrophotometric methods
have been reported for the determination of cyanide, the most of them use bromine water which is toxic in nature, few of the reported method use benzidine and other amino like p-phenylene diamine, compounds for coupling which are carcinogenic (Table 4). Both these drawbacks are removed by using chloramine-T and p-aminoacetanilide.
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KEYWORD
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Non extractive spectrophotometry, Chloramine-T, p-Aminoacetanilide
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